Execute um script de execução periódica com macOS Launchd

Use o macOS Launchd para criar um script que seja executado periodicamente como o Cron. Como configurar variáveis de ambiente é problemático, usamos um método que minimiza as configurações no lado do plist.

A configuração é a seguinte.

plist → wrapper shell → main shell

Script de wrapper

Defina variáveis de ambiente, execute o script real e redirecione para o log.

#!/bin/bash

# XDG環境変数の設定
export XDG_STATE_HOME="${XDG_STATE_HOME:-$HOME/.local/state}"

# ログディレクトリの作成
LOG_DIR="$XDG_STATE_HOME/cron-like"
mkdir -p "$LOG_DIR"

# 実際のスクリプトを実行してログにリダイレクト
exec "$HOME/.local/bin/cron-like/every-minute.sh" \
    >> "$LOG_DIR/stdout.log" 2>> "$LOG_DIR/stderr.log"

configurações do plist

Defina para ser executado a cada minuto.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>Label</key>
    <string>localhost.cron.every-minute</string>
    <key>ProgramArguments</key>
    <array>
        <string>/bin/bash</string>
        <string>/Users/username/.local/bin/cron-like/launchd.sh</string>
    </array>
    <key>StartInterval</key>
    <integer>60</integer>
    <key>RunAtLoad</key>
    <true/>
</dict>
</plist>

Roteiro de configuração

Automatize a configuração completa.

#!/bin/bash

set -e

# ディレクトリの作成
mkdir -p "$HOME/.local/bin/cron-like"
mkdir -p "$HOME/.local/state/cron-like"
mkdir -p "$HOME/Library/LaunchAgents"

# ラッパースクリプトの作成
cat > "$HOME/.local/bin/cron-like/launchd.sh" <<'EOF'
#!/bin/bash

# XDG環境変数の設定
export XDG_STATE_HOME="${XDG_STATE_HOME:-$HOME/.local/state}"

# ログディレクトリの作成
LOG_DIR="$XDG_STATE_HOME/cron-like"
mkdir -p "$LOG_DIR"

# 実際のスクリプトを実行してログにリダイレクト
exec "$HOME/.local/bin/cron-like/every-minute.sh" \
    >> "$LOG_DIR/stdout.log" 2>> "$LOG_DIR/stderr.log"
EOF

# 実行スクリプトの作成
cat > "$HOME/.local/bin/cron-like/every-minute.sh" <<'EOF'
#!/bin/bash

# 実際の処理
echo "[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] Running every-minute task"

# ここに実際の処理を記述
EOF

# 実行権限の付与
chmod +x "$HOME/.local/bin/cron-like/launchd.sh"
chmod +x "$HOME/.local/bin/cron-like/every-minute.sh"

# plistの作成
LABEL="localhost.cron.every-minute"
PLIST_PATH="$HOME/Library/LaunchAgents/${LABEL}.plist"

cat > "$PLIST_PATH" <<EOF
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>Label</key>
    <string>${LABEL}</string>
    <key>ProgramArguments</key>
    <array>
        <string>/bin/bash</string>
        <string>$HOME/.local/bin/cron-like/launchd.sh</string>
    </array>
    <key>StartInterval</key>
    <integer>60</integer>
    <key>RunAtLoad</key>
    <true/>
</dict>
</plist>
EOF

# 構文チェック
plutil -lint "$PLIST_PATH"

# 既にロードされている場合はアンロード
launchctl list | grep -q "$LABEL" && launchctl unload "$PLIST_PATH" 2>/dev/null || true

# ロード
launchctl load "$PLIST_PATH"

echo "✓ Setup complete!"
echo "  Scripts: $HOME/.local/bin/cron-like/"
echo "  Logs:    $HOME/.local/state/cron-like/"
echo "  plist:   $PLIST_PATH"
echo ""
echo "Commands:"
echo "  tail -f $HOME/.local/state/cron-like/stdout.log"
echo "  launchctl start $LABEL"
echo "  launchctl unload $PLIST_PATH"